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Contents

• Oncology
  • Prostate Cancer
  • Kidney Cancer
  • Bladder Cancer
  • Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
• Non-oncology
  • Andrology
  • Functional
  • Pediatrics
  • Other

Oncology

Prostate Cancer

• Prevention
  • PCPT 2003 (Finasteride)
  • SELECT 2009 (Selenium and Vitamin E)
  • REDUCE 2010 (Dutasteride)

 

• Screening
  • PLCO 2008
  • ERSPC 2009
  • Goteburg 2010
  • CAP 2018

 

• Diagnosis and Evalutation
  • MRI
    • PROMIS 2017
    • PRECISION 2018
    • MRI-FIRST 2019
    • ASIST 2019 (MRI in AS)
    • STHLM3 NEJM 2021 (MRI-targetted vs. standard biopsy in prostate cancer screening)
  • PET
    • proPSMA 2020

 

• PSA and Other Markers
  • Stamey et al. NEJM 1987
  • Catalona et al. NEJM 1991
  • Catalona et al. J Urol 1994 (PSA vs. DRE detection in screening)
  • Catalona et al. 1998 (%fPSA)

 

• Prostate Biopsy
  • Antibiotic Prophylaxis in TRUS Biopsy of the Prostate Cochrane Review 2011
  • Rates of hospital admission and mortality after TRUS-biopsy J Urol 2013

 

• Management of Localized Disease
  • Observation vs. Treatment of Prostate Cancer
    • PIVOT NEJM 2012
    • SPCG-4 NEJM 2014
    • PROTECT NEJM 2016
  • Active surveillance
    • REDEEM Lancet 2012 (dutasteride in AS progression)
  • Radical prostatectomy
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of catheter removal after radical prostatectomy
  • Radiation and ADT
    • EORTC 22863 NEJM 1997 (EBRT +/- 3 years ADT)
    • RTOG 86-10 (EBRT +/- 4 months ADT)
    • RTOG 92-02
    • EORTC 22961
    • PR3/PR07
    • SPCG-7/SFUO-3

 

• Management of Locally Advanced Disease
  • Post-prostatectomy radiation
    • ARTISTIC Lancet 2020 (meta-analysis of adjuvant vs. salvage)
      • RADICALS Lancet 2020 (adjuvant vs. salvage)

 

• Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
  • CHAARTED NEJM 2015 (docetaxel)
  • STAMPEDE Lancet 2016 (docetaxel)
  • STAMPEDE NEJM 2017 (abiraterone)
  • LATITUDE NEJM 2017 (abiraterone)
  • STAMPEDE Lancet 2018 (radiation)
  • ENZAMET NEJM 2019 (enzalutamide)
  • ARCHES JCO 2019 (enzalutamide)
  • TITAN NEJM 2019 (enzalutamide)

 

• Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
  • Non-metastatic
    • ARAMIS NEJM 2018 (darolutamide)
    • SPARTAN NEJM 2018 (apalutamide)
    • PROSPER NEJM 2018 (enzalutamide)
  • Metastatic
    • Pre-docetaxel
      • AFFIRM NEJM 2012 (enzalutamide)
      • PREVAIL NEJM 2014 (enzalutamide)
      • COU-AA-302
      • TAX-327
      • IMPACT
    • Post-docetaxel
      • COU-AA-301
      • VISION (177Lu-PSMA-617)
    • PROfound NEJM 2020 (Olaparib)
    • Denosumab vs. zoledronate
    • TheraP (177Lu-PSMA-617 vs. cabazitaxel)
  • ALSYMPCA (Radium-223)

 

• Incidence of germline mutations in genes mediating DNA-repair processes in prostate cancer NEJM 2016

Kidney Cancer

• EORTC 30904 Partial vs. Radical Nephrectomy
• EORTC 30811 Eur Urol 2009 LND for cN0 suspected RCC

 

• Cytoreductive nephrectomy
  • SWOG 8949 IFN-α vs. CN + IFN-α vs.
  • EORTC 30947 IFN-α vs. CN + IFN-α
  • SURTIME JAMA Onc 2019 CN + sunitnib vs. sunitnib + CN
  • CARMENA NEJM 2018 sunitnib vs. CN + sunitnib

 

• Systemic treatment for metastatic disease
  • CheckMate 214 NEJM 2018 (nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. sunitnib for untreated, advanced clear-cell RCC)
  • CheckMate 9ER NEJM 2020 (nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. sunitnib for untreated, advanced clear-cell RCC)
  • CLEAR NEJM 2021 (lenvatinib + pembrolizumab vs. lenvatinib + everolimus vs. sunitinib)

 

• Adjuvant therapy after nephrectomy
  • ASSURE Lancet 2016 (sunitnib vs. sorafenib)
  • S-TRAC (sunitnib)
  • KEYNOTE-564 (pembrolizumab)

Bladder Cancer

• Blue-light vs. white-light flexible cystoscopy in NMIBC surveillance 2018

 

• NMIBC
  • Intravesical Therapy
    • Chemotherapy
      • Meta-analysis of trials evaluating chemotherapy on risk of NMIBC recurrence 2013
    • BCG
      • SWOG 8216/38 NEJM 1991 (BCG vs. doxorubicin BCG maintenance)
      • SWOG 8507 J Urol 2000 (induction vs. induction + maintenance BCG)
      • BCG and NMIBC Recurrence Cochrane Review 2000
      • BCG and NMIBC Progression Meta-analaysis 2002
      • BCG vs. MMC in NMIBC Cochrane Review 2003
  • BCG unresponsive NMIBC
    • KEYNOTE-057 (pembrolizumab for BCG-unresponsive CIS)

 

• MIBC
  • Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
    • SWOG 8710 NEJM 2003 (neoadjuvant MVAC)
    • BA06 30894 JCO 2011 (neoadjuvant CMV)
  • Immunotherapy
    • CheckMate 274 NEJM 2021 (adjuvant nivolumab)
  • Cystectomy
    • RAZOR Lancet 2018 (robotic vs. open radical cystectomy)
    • LEA AUO AB 25/02 (limited vs. extended LND)

 

• Systemic treatment for locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic disease
  • KEYNOTE-361 Lancet Onc 2021 (pembrolizumab + chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone vs. pembrolizumab alone)

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma

• Olympus Lancet Onc 2020 (UGN-101 for papillary UTUC)

 

Non-Oncology

Andrology

• TEAAM (Testosterone's Effects on Atherosclerosis Progression in Aging Men) JAMA 2015

Functional

• TOMUS (retropubic vs. transobturator MUS)
• MTOPS (combination alpha-blocker + 5ARI)
• CombAT (combination alpha-blocker + 5ARI)

Pediatrics

• RIVUR NEJM 2014 (antibiotic prophylaxis in VUR)

Other

• Mechanical Bowel Preparation for Elective Colorectal Surgery Cochrane Review 2011