Editing Bladder Diverticulae (section)

== Background ==

* '''Definition of a bladder diverticulum: subjectively large herniation of the bladder urothelium through the muscularis propria of the bladder wall'''
* '''Continuum that includes cellules and saccules.'''
** Cellules and saccules represent small outpouchings between hypertrophied bands of bladder muscle, with '''saccules generally being larger than cellules'''. However, there are no universally agreed upon minimum size requirements that distinguish cellules, saccules, and bladder diverticula, and the differentiation among these three entities is often subjective and arbitrary
* '''Histologically the diverticulum wall is composed of mucosa, subepithelial connective tissue or lamina propria, some scattered thin muscle fibers, and an adventitial layer'''
** A fibrous capsule or pseudocapsule outer shell is often present and may be a useful surgical plane for excision.
** The outside wall of the bladder diverticulum often contains some residual scattered strands or bundles of smooth muscle; however, these are disorganized and non-functional. Therefore, '''bladder diverticula generally empty poorly during micturition'''
* '''May cause deviation with or without compression of the ipsilateral ureter. Medial deviation of the pelvic ureter is most commonly seen'''; however, lateral deviation may also occur