Editing CUA: Cryptorchidism (2017) (section)

===== '''*****All of the information below is contained in the more comprehensive Undescended Testicle Chapter Notes*****''' =====

* '''Definition of cryptorchidism: inability to palpate the testicle in the expected normal anatomical position''' (i.e., within its respective hemi-scrotum)
** '''Classified as congenital vs. acquired'''
*** '''Distinction based on findings documented during the neonatal exam.'''
**** In congenital cases, the testicle is not palpable in the scrotum at birth
**** In acquired cryptorchidism (or “ascending” testicle) is in a normal location at birth (or on subsequent well-child exams), but not later in life.
* '''Retractile testes: scrotal testes that retract easily out of the scrotum along the normal path of descent due to a brisk cremasteric reflex but can be manually replaced in a stable scrotal position and remain there at least temporarily until there is recurrent stimulation.'''
* '''“True” undescended vs. ectopic testes:''' Based on location (as determined during physical exam and/or surgery) within or outside the normal path of testicular descent, respectively. An ectopic testicle is unlikely to spontaneously descend or respond to hormonal stimulation.
* '''Palpable vs. non-palpable testicle: Based on ability to feel the testicle during physical exam. If non-palpable, diagnostic considerations include intra-abdominal testicle, inaccurate exam, and testicular absence or atrophy (so-called “nubbin”). The diagnosis is commonly confirmed during exam under anesthesia and surgical exploration'''