Editing Functional: Nocturia (section)

== Background ==

* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Definition of nocturia: voiding that is preceded and followed by sleep</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">≥2 voids per night appears to be clinically significant</span>'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Definition does not take into account the patient’s degree of bother</span>'''
* Prevalence increases with age in both men and women
* '''Associated with:'''
*# '''Decreased survival'''
*# '''Decreased quality of life'''
*# '''Decreased''' '''sleep efficiency and sleep latency'''
*#* Sleep efficiency: actual time asleep (minutes) divided by total time of intended sleep (minutes); normal > 85%
*#* Sleep latency: time it takes to go from being completely awake to being completely asleep
*#* '''Sleep loss can negatively affect health by decreasing immune function, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes'''
*# '''Increased prevalence of depressive symptoms'''
*# '''Increased risk for metabolic syndrome'''
*# '''Increased risk of falls'''
*# '''Increased impairment in work and non-work activities'''
* Factors that inhibit ADH and cause diuresis (inhibit water reabsorption) include prostaglandin E2, ANP, hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, lithium, and tetracyclines.