Editing Infertility: Nonsurgical Management (section)

== General Principles'''§''' ==

*May use aromatase inhibitors (AIs), hCG, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), or a combination thereof for infertile men with low serum testosterone
*For the male interested in current or future fertility, testosterone monotherapy should not be prescribed. 
*The infertile male with hyperprolactinemia should be evaluated for the etiology and treated accordingly. 
*Clinicians should inform the man with idiopathic infertility that the use of SERMs has limited benefits relative to results of ART.
*Clinicians should counsel patients that the benefits of supplements (e.g., antioxidants, vitamins) are of questionable clinical utility in treating male infertility. Existing data are inadequate to provide recommendation for specific agents to use for this purpose. 
*For men with idiopathic infertility, a clinician may consider treatment using an FSH analogue with the aim of improving sperm concentration, pregnancy rate, and live birth rate
*Patients with NOA should be informed of the limited data supporting pharmacologic manipulation with SERMs, AIs, and gonadotropins prior to surgical intervention.