Editing Renal Transplant (section)

== Background ==

* '''Most common causes of ESRD (in descending order):'''
*# '''Diabetes'''
*# '''Hypertension'''
*# Glomerulonephritis
*# Cystic renal disease
* '''ESRD in children may result in:'''
** '''Growth failure'''
** '''Poor nutrition'''
** '''Psychiatric problems'''
* '''A hypercoagulable state can occur in nephrotic syndrome with urinary loss of the natural anticoagulants: antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S.'''
* Patients age > 50  have a 20% mortality in the first year of dialysis
** '''The most common causes of death in patients with renal failure are heart disease, sepsis''', '''and stroke'''
** Survival after renal transplantation is significantly better than that of patients treated with dialysis
* Hyperphosphatemia due to renal failure leads to severe itching, conjunctival irritation, and alterations in bone metabolism
** '''Phospho-soda enemas are contraindicated in patients with poor renal function as they cannot easily eliminate a large phosphate load.'''
*** '''If the serum calcium × phosphorus product > 60 mg2/dL2, vascular calcium deposits can lead to arterial thrombosis and calciphylaxis'''
* '''Peritoneal dialysis solution containing icodextrin may lead to false point-of-care glucose readings'''