Editing Stones: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis (section)

== Epidemiology of Urolithiasis ==

* Lifetime prevalence of kidney stone disease: ≈1%-15%
*'''Varies by age, gender, race, geographic location, and BMI'''
** Age: relatively uncommon age < 20 but peaks in incidence in the 40-60s
** Gender: upper urinary tract stones occur more commonly in males than females, but gender gap is narrowing
** Race: Whites have the highest incidence of upper tract stones compared with Asians, Hispanics, and African-Americans
** Geographic location: In the US, highest prevalence in the Southeast
** BMI, waist size, and weight gain are positively correlated with an increased risk for stone episodes
* Incidence of asymptomatic renal stones is ≈10% of screened populations