Editing Bladder Diverticulae (section)

=== Other ===

==== Cystoscopy ====
* '''The entire interior of each bladder diverticulum should be thoroughly inspected for stones or abnormal-appearing epithelium.'''
** Any abnormal-appearing epithelium or lesions within the diverticulum are carefully biopsied
*** Biopsy should be performed carefully to prevent perforation because the wall of the diverticulum is very thin owing to the lack of a muscularis propria layer

==== Urodynamics ====
* '''VUDS can be very helpful in patients with bladder diverticula to potentially identify neurogenic voiding dysfunction.'''
** '''Failure to identify and treat an existing underlying urodynamic abnormality prior to or concomitantly with definitive surgical therapy for bladder diverticula may result in a high risk of recurrent diverticula or other problems following surgery'''.
* '''Bladder contractility may appear to be diminished on urodynamics because of the “pressure sink” effect of the bladder diverticulum'''.
** This artifact occurs as the detrusor contracts and the intravesical contents are decompressed through the path of least resistance into the bladder diverticulum as opposed to the urethra. Nevertheless, '''when carefully measured, bladder contractility is not significantly different from that in individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia without bladder diverticula'''. In addition, elevated postvoid residual urine may be present as a result of retained urine in the diverticulum regardless of the presence or absence of impaired bladder contractility or bladder outlet obstruction.