Editing AUA: Stone Surgery (2016) (section)

==== URS for ureteral stones ====
* '''Clinicians performing URS for proximal ureteral stones should have a flexible ureteroscope available'''
** Semi-rigid URS above the level of the iliac vessels can cause additional torque on the ureteroscope, placing the ureteroscope itself at risk for damage.
* '''Clinicians should not utilize EHL as the first-line modality for intra-ureteral lithotripsy'''
** '''The holmium laser can be activated 0.5 mm from the urothelial surface without risk of injury.'''
** Due to a larger working area, EHL can safely be used in the kidney during PCNL, but the risk of perforation using this technology is still higher than other modalities. Therefore, care should be taken to avoid activation of the probe near the urothelial surface.