Editing CUA: Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (2019) (section)

=== History and Physical Exam ===
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">History'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">History of the neurological disease'''
*** SCI: Year and level/completeness of lesion (ASIA level), frequency of autonomic dysreflexia, level of spasticity, mobility/transfers
*** MS: Year and type of MS (primary progressive, secondary progressive, relapsing remitting), mobility level (or Expanded Disability Status Scale)
*** Spina bifida: Type (i.e., ambulatory lipomyelomeningocele), caregiver, VP shunt, latex allergy, prior reconstructive surgery
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Bladder management history'''
*** Use of catheters (CIC, indwelling [size and frequency of changes], condom), crede/straining/reflexive bladder emptying, bladder medications, and prior urological surgery history
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Storage & voiding symptoms'''
*** Storage: frequency, urgency, nocturia, incontinence
*** Voiding: weak stream, intermittency, straining, incomplete emptying
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">NLUTD complications'''
*** UTIs (symptoms, culture status, associated sepsis/fever, response to antibiotics/antibiotic resistance, triggers, hospital admissions)
*** Sequela of incontinence (skin breakdown, ulcers, pad usage, bother)
*** Bladder or renal stone disease
*** Catheter complications (urethral loss in women; urethral erosion, false passages, strictures in men, encrustation/sediment)
*** Renal function deterioration (imaging results, renal function)
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Review of relevant systems'''
*** Bowel function
*** Sexual function
*** Coexisting non-NLUTD dysfunction (prostatic enlargement, stress incontinence)
*** Gross hematuria
*** Gynecological/pregnancy history
*** Genitourinary/pelvic pain
*** Motor abilities (hand function, ability to transfer)
*** Cognitive function
*** Support systems/caregivers
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">General components'''
*** Allergies, medications, alcohol/drug use/smoking
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Physical Exam'''
** '''General'''
***Body habitus
**'''Abdomen'''
**'''Genitals'''
**'''Rectal exam'''
** May include a '''focused screening neurological exam''' (such as lower limb sensory, motor, and reflex function), especially when there is a suspicion of NLUTD without a confirmed neurological disease.