Editing Upper Urinary Tract Trauma (section)

===== Modality =====
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">CT abdomen/pelvis with IV contrast (with immediate and delayed images) should be performed when there is suspicion of renal injury''' (AUA)
** In children, ultrasound may be used, although CT is preferred
** In rare cases where the patient is taken to the operating room without preliminary CT scan and surgeons are considering renal exploration or nephrectomy, an intraoperative one-shot IVP (2 mL/kg IV bolus of contrast with a single image obtained 10-15 minutes later) may be used to confirm that a contralateral functioning kidney is present
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Major limitation of CT scan in renal trauma: inability to adequately define a renal venous injury adequately.''' 
*** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">A medial hematoma strongly suggests a venous injury, however, there is no imaging modality which can accurately diagnose a venous injury'''