Editing Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cancer (section)

==== Urothelial carcinoma ====
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Majority (90%) of upper tract tumours are urothelial carcinoma</span>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5308053/]'''
** Squamous and adenocarcinomas comprise a small minority.
* '''UTUC are histologically similar to urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, but <span style="color:#ff0000">the relative thinness of the muscle layer of the renal pelvis and ureter may allow earlier penetration of invasive upper tract tumors than is seen in bladder neoplasms.</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">UTUC is more often invasive and poorly differentiated than bladder cancers. However, in pathologically matched cohorts, cancer-specific outcomes are comparable between urothelial tumours of the upper tract and bladder</span>'''
* '''Reported variants of urothelial carcinoma are squamous cell, glandular, sarcomatoid, micropapillary, neuroendocrine, and lymphoepithelial'''.
** Although all of these variants are considered aggressive tumors, after adjustment for the rest of clinicopathologic characteristics, '''<span style="color:#ff0000">variant histology has not been shown to predict poor clinical outcome in UTUC (unlike bladder cancer)</span>'''