Editing AUA: Vesicoureteral Reflux (2017) (section)

==== Child age < 1 with VUR ====
* '''VUR resolution occurs in ≈50% of these children within 24 months'''
* Infants age < 1 may not show clinical evidence of pyelonephritis as clearly as older children and they may have a greater risk of infection-related morbidity.
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP)</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Recommended in children age < 1 with (2):</span>'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">A history of a febrile UTI or</span>'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">VUR grade ≥III</span>''' who is identified through screening, even in the absence of a history of febrile UTIs
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Optional in children age < 1 with:</span>'''
*** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">VUR grades I–II</span>''' who is identified through screening, even in the absence of a history of febrile UTIs
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Circumcision</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">May be considered in the infant male with VUR</span>''' based on an increased risk of UTIs in boys who are not circumcised compared to those who are circumcised.
*** Although there are insufficient data to evaluate the degree of this increased risk and its duration, parents need to be made aware of this association to permit informed decision-making.