Editing Penile Cancer: Squamous Penile Cancer (section)

=== Imaging ===

==== Primary tumour ====
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">For small-volume glanular lesions, imaging studies are not needed'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">For larger lesions/lesions suspicious for invasion, US can provide information about infiltration of the corpora'''
** '''Penile Doppler US has been reported to have a higher staging accuracy than an MRI in detecting corporal infiltration'''
*** MRI with an artificially induced erection can be used to detect corporal invasion but is very unpleasant for the patient
*** '''CT has poor soft-tissue resolution and is not useful for imaging the extent of the primary tumour'''

==== Metastases ====
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Regional'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Physical exam of the inguinal region remains the clinical gold standard for evaluating the presence of metastasis in the non-obese patients'''
*** '''EAU Guidelines: Imaging studies are not helpful in staging clinically normal inguinal regions; however, CT or MRI should also be performed in obese patients and those who have had prior inguinal surgery, whose physical examination findings may be unreliable'''
*** '''EAU Guidelines: A pelvic CT/PET scan can be used to assess the pelvic lymph nodes'''
*** '''Campbell's: some patients may have a challenging inguinal nodal examination because of body habitus or lymphedema from prior procedures. In these patients ultrasound can be used'''. The role of computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET)-CT, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not well defined
* '''Distant'''
** '''CT scan of the chest, abdomen, pelvis'''
**'''Bone scan'''
**'''CT/PET scan'''