Editing Male Pelvis (section)

== Pelvic ureter ==

* '''See Ureter Anatomy Chapter Notes'''
* '''Intraoperatively the ureter is readily found anterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery'''
* The ureters come within 5 cm of each other as they cross the iliac vessels. On entering the pelvis, they diverge widely along the pelvic sidewalls toward the ischial spines. The ureter travels on the anterior surface of the internal iliac vessels and is related laterally to the branches of the anterior trunk. Near the ischial spine, the ureter turns anteriorly and medially to reach the bladder.
* In men, the anteromedial surface of the ureter is covered by the peritoneum, and the ureter is embedded in retroperitoneal connective tissue.
* '''As the ureter courses medially, it is crossed anteriorly by the vas deferens''' '''and runs with the inferior vesical arteries, veins, and nerves in the lateral vesical ligaments'''. Viewed from the peritoneal side, the ureter is just lateral and deep to the rectogenital fold
* '''Structures divided in order to access the distal ureter in females (5):'''
*# '''Round ligament'''
*# '''Obliterated umbilical artery'''
*# '''Uterine artery'''
*# '''Superior vesical artery'''
*# '''Inferior vesical artery'''