Editing Penis and Urethra Surgery (section)

=== Causes ===

==== Acquired ====

#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Trauma (most common cause in developing countries)</span>'''
#* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Most urethral strictures are the result of straddle trauma</span>'''
#** This trauma often goes unrecognized until the patient presents with voiding symptoms resulting from the obstruction of the stricture or scar
#* '''Iatrogenic trauma''' to the urethra still exists, but with the development of small endoscopes and the limitation of indications for cystoscopy in boys, we see fewer iatrogenic strictures today than in the past.
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">LS-related urethral strictures</span>'''
#* '''Tend to be longer'''
#* '''May have a higher association with urethral cancer'''
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Infection</span>'''
#* '''Inflammatory strictures associated with gonorrhea''' were the most commonly seen in the past and are less common now.
#** With the advent of prompt and effective antibiotic treatment, gonococcal urethritis progresses less often to gonococcal urethral strictures.
#* '''The role of Chlamydia and Ureaplasma urealyticum (i.e., nonspecific urethritis) in the development of anterior urethral strictures is unclear'''

==== Congenital ====
* Criteria to define a congenital stricture:
*# Not an inflammatory stricture
*# Short-length stricture
*# Not associated with a history of or potential for urethral trauma.
** These criteria limit the term congenital stricture to strictures of the anterior urethra found in infants before they attempt erect ambulation. So defined, congenital strictures are the rarest encountered

==== Idiopathic ====
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Most common cause in developed countries</span>'''