Editing Functional: Nocturia (section)

=== Definitions ===
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Nocturnal urine volume exceeds nocturnal bladder capacity and the patient awakens because of the need to void</span>'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Can result from either a (2)</span>'''
**#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Global decrease in bladder capacity, as expressed by a low maximum voided volume (MVV)</span>''' 
**#*'''Maximum voided volume (MVV): the largest single voided volume in a 24-hr period'''
**#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Simply a decrease in nocturnal bladder capacity i.e. small nocturnal bladder capacity, as expressed by a nocturnal bladder capacity index (NBCi) > 0</span>'''
* '''Nocturnal bladder capacity index (NBCi)'''
**'''Useful means to examine the relationship between the patient’s own bladder capacity and nocturnal voided volumes during a 24-hour period.'''
** '''NBCi = Actual number of nightly voids (ANV) − Predicted number of nightly voids (PNV)'''
*** '''Actual number of nightly voids (ANV) or nighttime frequency: number of voids recorded from the time the individual goes to bed with the intention of sleeping, to the time the individual wakes with the intention of rising'''
*** '''Predicted number of nightly voids (PNV) = (Nocturia Index (NI) − 1)'''
**** '''Nocturia index (Ni) = Nocturnal urine volume (NUV)/Maximum voided volume (MVV)'''
*****'''Nocturnal urine volume (NUV): Total volume of urine passed during the night, including the first morning void'''
*****'''If Ni > 1, nocturia or enuresis occurs because functional bladder capacity (MVV) is exceeded'''
** '''If NBCi > 0, nocturia occurs at volumes less than MVV i.e. small nocturnal bladder capacity'''
** Example: a patient who voids 8 times per night (ANV = 8), who voids a total of 800 mL during the intended hours of sleep (NUV = 800 mL), and who has an MVV of 200 mL would have an Ni of 4 (Ni = NUV/MVV = 800 mL/200 mL = 4). This patient’s PNV = Ni − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3. Therefore this patient’s NBCi = ANV − PNV = 8 − 3 = 5. An NBCi of 5 indicates a substantially diminished nocturnal bladder capacity