Editing Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Evaluation (section)

=== Lower urinary tract imaging ===

===== Modality =====
* MRI is superior to CT at tissue-contrast and staging muscle-invasive vs. non-muscle invasive disease

====== MRI ======
* Protocol includes: T2WI, DWI, contrast enhanced T1
** Muscle is dark on T2
** False positive changes on MRI: BCG changes, post-TUR
** T3 tumor has spiculated appearance on MRI
* Furosemide can be given to help distend the ureter and bladder and potentially improve staging
* Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS)
** A 5-point scale used to standardize the interpretation and reporting of bladder cancer on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging