Editing Bladder Diverticulae (section)

==== Surveillance ====
* '''Suitable for adult patients with minimal symptoms and no complicating factors'''
* '''Patients should be counseled regarding the potentially increased risk of malignancy''' and the need for periodic reassessment as well as the unpredictable course and potentially aggressive nature of malignancy if subsequently found in this setting.
** '''The''' '''association between bladder diverticula and bladder cancer has been attributed to urinary stasis and to chronic inflammation''' that is often found on pathologic examination of bladder diverticulum tissue.
** Historically, prophylactic surgical treatment was done for all bladder diverticula, including asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic lesions. However, more recently it has been suggested that such management is not warranted, and observation with careful follow-up and periodic endoscopic surveillance is acceptable in asymptomatic individuals without evidence of dysplastic or malignant changes
* '''The optimal schedule and type of surveillance for those individuals choosing observation is not well defined but consists of:'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Periodic reassessment of symptoms'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Urine studies (including cytology)'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Endoscopic examination of the lower urinary tract'''