Editing Robotic Partial Nephrectomy (section)

=== Intra-operative ===
* Bleeding
**≈6-20% transfusion rate[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4752140/][https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29067427/]
* Injury to adjacent organ (bowel, diaphragm, liver, spleen, pancreas, ureter, bladder)
**Bowel injury 
***Intraoperative intestinal injury rates: ≈4%
***May occur during trocar placement or from cautery injury
***All injuries recognized intraoperatively require immediate repair and intraoperative general surgery consultation should be considered
***In the postoperative period, signs of a bowel injury could include port-site pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, fever and leucocytosis.
**Intraoperative ureteral or bladder injury rates: ≈4%
*Conversion to open surgery
*Conversion to radical nephrectomy
*Risks of general anesthesia
**DVT/PE rates: ≈1%