Editing AUA: Overactive Bladder (2019) (section)

==== Post-void Residual ====
* Measured with an ultrasound bladder scanner immediately after the patient voids.  
**If an ultrasound scanner is not available, then urethral catheterization may be used to assess PVR.
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Not necessary for patients who are receiving first-line behavioral interventions or for uncomplicated patients (i.e., patients without a history of or risk factors for urinary retention) receiving antimuscarinic medications.</span>'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Indications to assess PVR (4)</span>'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Neurologic diagnoses</span>'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">History of incontinence surgery or prostatic surgery</span>'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Presence of voiding/obstructive symptoms</span>'''
*#*As there is considerable overlap between storage and emptying voiding symptoms, baseline PVRs should be performed for males with symptoms prior to initiation of anti-muscarinic therapy.
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Clinician discretion</span>'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Anti-muscarinics should be used with caution in patients with PVR 250–300 mL.</span>'''
*For any patient on anti-muscarinic therapy, the clinician should be prepared to monitor PVR during the course of treatment should obstructive voiding symptoms appear.