Editing Intestinal Segments and Urinary Diversion (section)

=== Ileal Conduit ===
* Simplest type of conduit diversion to perform; fewest intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications

==== Contraindications (3): ====
# '''Short bowel syndrome'''
# '''Inflammatory small bowel disease'''
# '''History of extensive pelvic irradiation''' where the ileum may have been affected

==== Summary of steps ====
* '''A segment 10-15 cm in length is selected 10-15 cm from the ileocecal valve'''. The cecum and ileal appendage (i.e., that portion of the distal ileum fixed to the retroperitoneum) are mobilized. The ileal mesentery is transilluminated, and a major arcade to the segment selected identified. With a mosquito clamp, the mesentery immediately beneath the bowel is penetrated, and the bowel is encircled with a vessel loop. An area at the base of the mesentery that is to one side of the feeding vessel is selected, and a second vessel loop is placed through the mesentery. At this juncture, the peritoneum overlying both sides of the mesentery is incised from bowel vessel loop to the base of mesentery vessel loop. With mosquito clamps, the tissue is clamped, severed, and tied with 4-0 silk. A portion of mesentery 2 cm in length is cleaned away from the bowel beneath the mesenteric incision. This procedure is repeated at the other end of the selected segment. The base of the mesentery should be as wide as possible and the mesenteric windows not excessive (in general about 5 cm in length) to prevent ischemia of the segment. Allen clamps are placed across the bowel in an angled fashion such that the antimesenteric portion is shorter than the mesenteric portion. (Some prefer to transect the bowel with an anastomotic stapler.) Thus a triangular piece of bowel is removed and discarded.
* The isolated ileal segment is placed caudad, and an ileoileostomy is performed as described earlier. The mesenteric window of the ileoileostomy is closed with interrupted 3-0 silk sutures. The isolated segment is then flushed with copious amounts of saline until the irrigant is clear, at which point the ureters are brought out the retroperitoneum in the right lower quadrant. To accomplish this, the left ureter must be brought over the great vessels and posterior to the sigmoid mesentery to the rent in the posterior peritoneum. This may be done by mobilizing the cecum cephalad to identify the right ureter. The left ureter may be identified by incising the line of Toldt of the left descending colon (Fig. 97-35). This dissection allows anastomosis of the ileal segment as proximally as needed to the ureter. Indeed, the ileum may be anastomosed directly to the renal pelvis on both sides if necessary (see Fig. 97-35C). After a cystectomy, the ureters are identified caudad to the iliac vessels and may be conveniently traced cephalad similar to the previous description. The ureteroileal anastomoses are performed as described previously. These anastomoses are stented
* The base of the conduit is fixed to the retroperitoneum in the right lower quadrant by suturing the posterior peritoneum to the conduit, thus effectively retroperitonealizing the ureterointestinal anastomosis.