Editing Penis and Urethra Surgery (section)

=== Diagnosis and Evaluation ===
* '''For an appropriate treatment plan to be devised, it is important to determine the location, length, depth, and density of the stricture (spongiofibrosis).'''
** Length and location of the stricture can be determined using:
*** Radiographs
*** Urethroscopy
*** Ultrasonography.

==== History and Physical exam ====
* History
** Most often present with obstructive voiding symptoms or urinary tract infections such as prostatitis and epididymitis.
** Some patients also present with urinary retention.
*** On close inquiry, most of these patients are found to have tolerated notable voiding symptoms for a long time before progressing to complete obstruction.

==== Imaging ====
* '''Retrograde urethrography/VCUG'''
* '''Ultrasound'''
** Most accurate method to determine the length of a graft needed for repair of an anterior urethral stricture.
* '''MRI'''
** Has been suggested as useful in patients with pelvic fracture urethral distraction, particularly in cases in which the anatomy of the pelvis has become significantly distorted.
** '''With regard to anterior urethral stricture, however, MRI has not been useful, with the exception of those cases in which there is urethral carcinoma.'''

==== Other ====
* '''Endoscopy'''