Editing AUA: Cryptorchidism (2018) (section)

=== Special Scenarios ===

==== Retractile testes ====

*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Do not require surgical correction'''
*'''Children with retractile testes should be monitored at least annually to assess for secondary "ascent" of the affected testis.'''
**Risk of testicular ascent (between 2-45%) may be higher in boys with retractile testes 
**Potential mechanisms related to ascent
***Hyperactive cremasteric reflex
***Foreshortened patent processus vaginalis
***Entrapping adhesions

==== Acquired cryptorchidism ====

* Risk factors
** History of proximal hypospadias
** History of retractile testes
* '''Children with a newly diagnosed non-scrotal testis found after six months of age should be referred to a surgical specialist.'''
** The same adverse histologic features (e.g. loss of germ cells) found in primary UDTs are also found in acquired cryptorchid testes.

==== Peeping testis ====

* May occur when a patent processus vaginalis prevents palpation of the testis. When the abdomen is insufflated with laparoscopy, the testis travels through the internal ring and can be palpated. 
* Can be managed safely with either laparoscopic orchidopexy or inguinal orchidopexy.