Editing Functional: Urinary Fistulae (section)

==== Management ====
* Goals of treatments are:
** Resolving urinary leakage
** Avoiding urosepsis
** Preserving of renal function
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Once the diagnosis is made, prompt drainage of the affected upper urinary tract is essential</span>''' '''because partial ureteral obstruction is often present.'''
** '''An attempt at ureteral stenting or percutaneous nephrostomy tube decompression is warranted as soon as possible if direct open surgical repair is not immediately considered.'''
** '''Ureteral stenting may be sufficient to promote closure of the fistula in some cases'''
*** In some cases, an antegrade stent placement will be successful where a retrograde attempt had failed.
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">If ureteral stenting is unsuccessful owing to complete ureteral occlusion or if prolonged leakage persists despite stenting, then formal surgical repair is indicated</span>'''
** Timing of the repair of ureterovaginal fistulae is controversial.
** '''Open surgical repair most commonly involves ureteroneocystostomy since most injuries occur to the distal ureter'''
** Repair is successful in >90% of cases