Editing Functional: Urinary Incontinence (section)

==== Dye testing in females ====
* '''Can be helpful to verify that the leakage represents urine versus another fluid such as vaginal discharge or peritoneal fluid and to substantiate the diagnosis of urinary tract fistulae.'''
* '''Oral phenazopyridine''' (100-200mg three times per day)''', also known as pyridium, colors the urine orange, and this simple test can confirm that the leakage fluid is indeed urine.'''
* '''Diagnosis of a vesicovaginal or urethrovaginal fistula can be supported by blue or orange staining of an intravaginal tampon after intravesical instillation of methylene blue or pyridium dissolved in sterile water or saline.'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">In the case of a suspected ureterovaginal fistula, intravesical methylene blue with concurrent oral phenazopyridine (pyridium) can elucidate the fistula location based on the staining pattern on the vaginal tampon</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Orange staining suggests a ureteral communication</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Blue staining suggests a bladder communication</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Simultaneous vesicovaginal and ureterovaginal fistulae can occur.</span>'''