Editing CUA: Radiation-induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis (2018) (section)

== Diagnosis and Evaluation ==

* '''History and physical exam'''
** History
*** Characterize symptoms and confirm history of a patient’s radiation therapy.
*** Identify other pathological factors that may explain or contribute to the patient’s symptoms
** Physical exam
*** Abdominal and pelvic exam to assess for alternative causes of bleeding.
* '''Labs: CBC, coagulation studies, serum creatinine, urinalyses, urine culture and cytology'''
* '''Imaging''': '''CT-urogram'''
** As with any patient presenting with hematuria and a high risk of malignancy, all patients should undergo axial imaging to assess for upper tract sources of bleeding
* '''Cystoscopy: all patients with hematuria should undergo at least one initial cystoscopy with or without fulguration of suspect lesions and biopsy of any lesions concerning for malignancy for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes'''