Editing Disorders of Sexual Differentiation (section)

=== Normal Genotypic Development ===
* '''Chromosomal Sex'''
** '''SRY (sex-determining region Y gene)''' 
*** '''An evolutionarily conserved gene on the Y chromosome of mammals'''
*** '''On the short arm of the Y chromosome near the centromere, adjacent to the pseudoautosomal boundary'''
*** '''Specifies development of the testis (testis-determining factor);''' '''responsible for maleness'''
*** '''SRY protein functions:'''
**** '''A transcription factor that, by binding and producing bending of the DNA, promotes protein-protein interaction and activates downstream gene expression'''
***** '''SRY protein has a characteristic high-mobility group (HMG), DNA-binding domain that can induce significant DNA binding when bound to the regulatory regions of target genes'''
**** '''Supporting cells of the developing male urogenital ridge.'''
***** '''These cells participate in cord formation and''' '''ultimately develop into Sertoli cells.'''
*** '''SRY expression leads to induction of SOX (SRY box-related) 9, a subfamily of closely related genes, during gonadal differentiation'''
* '''Additional Genes Involved in Gonadal Determination'''
** '''Duplication of an X-specific gene causes XY sex reversal by expressing a double dose of a region normally subject to X inactivation. This region is designated as the dosage-sensitive sex (DSS) reversal critical region'''