Editing Penile Cancer: Squamous Penile Cancer (section)

== Risk factors ==

# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Lack of circumcision</span>'''
#* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Neonatal circumcision</span>'''
#** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Almost eliminates risk of invasive penile cancer</span>'''
#*** The controversial discussion about neonatal circumcision should take into account that circumcision removes approximately half the tissue that can develop into penile cancer
#** '''Does not demonstrate the same level of protection for CIS'''
#* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Adult circumcision</span>'''
#** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Offers little to no protection</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">HPV (subtype 16 most frequently; oncologic subtypes: 16 and 18, non-oncologic subtypes: 6 and 11)</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Phimosis</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Lichen sclerosus, chronic penile inflammation</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Tobacco exposure (smoking, chewing tobacco)</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Poor hygiene, rural areas, low socioeconomic status, unmarried</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Number of sexual partners, early age of sexual intercourse</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Penile trauma</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Sporalene and ultraviolet A phototherapy (PUVA) for various dermatological conditions such as psoriasis</span>'''
#* PUVA is a combination treatment which consists of Psoralens (P) and then exposing the skin to UVA (long wave ultraviolet radiation)