Editing Stones: Lower Urinary Tract Calculi (section)

=== Primary bladder calculi ===

* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Bladder stones that develop in the absence of any known functional, anatomic, or infectious factors</span>'''
* Epidemiology
** 9-33 times more common in boys
* '''Pathogenesis'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">More common in children exposed to low-protein, low-phosphate diets</span>'''
*** '''Lack of protein leads to a dietary phosphate deficiency, low urinary phosphate, and high levels of urinary ammonia. Due to this,''' '''<span style="color:#ff0000">the most common stone found in children from these areas is ammonium acid urate</span>'''
** Generally not associated with anatomic, functional, or infectious abnormalities.
* '''Generally, a solitary stone'''
* '''Management'''
** '''Prevention consists mostly of dietary modification'''
** '''Rarely recur after treatment'''