Editing Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cancer (section)

== Epidemiology ==

* Incidence<strong>[https://seer.cancer.gov]</strong>
** Relatively rare
** US
***Incidence: rate 2/100,000 person-years, 7,000 cases/year
**** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Tumors of the renal pelvis are slightly more common than ureteral tumors</span>[https://seer.cancer.gov]'''
***** Renal pelvis: 1.2/100,000 person-years
***** Ureter: 0.8/100,000 person-years
****** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Ureteral tumours occur more commonly in the lower ureter (70%)</span> than in the upper ureter (25% mid, 5% upper).''' 
*******'''This may be a reflection of downstream implantation.'''
** Higher incidence in Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia)[https://www.britannica.com/place/Balkans]
* '''Age'''
** Peak incidence age 70s and 80s '''(older than bladder cancer patients)'''
*** '''Presentation at age <60 should raise concern of hereditary UTUC as part of Lynch syndrome'''
* '''Gender'''
** '''M:F 2:1 (unlike bladder which is M:F 4:1)[https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html]'''
* Race
** Whites are 2x more likely than Blacks to develop UTUC