Editing Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (section)

==Answers==
#What are the causes of UPJO?
##Congenital '''SHAVA'''
###True ureteral '''S'''tricture
###'''H'''igh insertion; found more frequently in the presence of renal ectopia or fusion anomalies
###'''A'''berrant vessels (controversy persists). Regardless, the presence of crossing vessels has a detrimental effect on the success rates of endopyelotomy
###Kinks or '''V'''alves produced by infoldings of the ureteral mucosa and muscularis
###'''A'''peristaltic segment
##Acquired '''CRIBS'''
###Cancer
###Reflux
###Ischemia
###Benign tumour
###Stones
#What are the indications for intervention in UPJO?
##Symptoms
##Stones
##Renal insufficiency
##Infections
##Causal HTN
#What are the options for intervention in UPJO?
##Observation
##Diversion (stent or nephrostomy tube)
##Endoscopic (balloon dilation, endopyelotomy)
##Pyeloplasty
##Ureterocalycostomy
#How long is a stent kept for following pyeloplasty?
##4-6 weeks
#When should a ureterocalycostomy be considered?
##Small renal pelvis
##Dependent drainage in malrotated/ectopic kidney
##Failed pyeloplasty
#What are the contraindications to endopyelotomy?
##Stricture > 2cm
##Active infection
##Uncontrolled coagulopathy