Editing Bladder Diverticulae (section)

== Answers ==

# Where are most congenital bladder diverticuli located?
#* Ureterovesical junction
# What is the work-up of an adult patient with a bladder diverticulum?
## History and physical (DRE if male)
## Laboratory: urinalysis, cytology, PSA (if appropriate)
## Imaging:
##* Upper tract: US to rule out hydro
##* Lower tract: cross-sectional (CT) +/- VCUG
## Other
##* Cystoscopy
##* UDS: rule out neurogenic voiding dysfunction
# List causes of bladder diverticulae in women
## Dysfunctional voiding
## Urethral stricture
## Vaginal prolapse
## Bladder neck hypertrophy
## Iatrogenic obstruction resulting from anti-incontinence surgery
# List differences between congenital and acquired diverticulae
#* Congenital: no risk of cancer, smooth-walled bladder, may not be associated with obstruction
#* Acquired: risk of cancer, thick-walled, trabeculated bladder, almost always associated with obstruction
# What are the indications for intervention of a bladder diverticulum?
## Persistent symptoms not responsive to medical therapy
## Recurrent UTI
## Stones within a diverticulum
## Suspicious of malignancy
## Upper tract deterioration from ipsilateral ureteric obstruction or reflux
# What are potential complications related to repair of bladder diverticula?