Editing Management of Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction (section)

===== Boari flap =====
* '''A pedicle of bladder is swung cephalad and tubularized to bridge the <span style="color:#ff0000">a 10-15-cm</span> gap to the injured ureter''' [Campbell's table says 12-15cm but text says 10-15cm]; '''a spiraled bladder flap can reach the renal pelvis in some circumstances, especially on the right side'''. Care should be taken to ensure adequate vascular supply to the flap
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">A small bladder capacity is likely to be associated with difficult or inadequate Boari flap creation, warranting consideration of alternative methods in the preoperative surgical planning</span>'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">The ratio of flap length to base width should be ≤ 3:1</span> to help minimize flap ischemia'''