Editing AUA: Stone Surgery (2016) (section)

=== Renal stones ===
* '''Active surveillance with periodic ultrasonography may be utilized in pediatric patients with asymptomatic and non-obstructing renal stones'''
* '''Total renal stone burden <20mm'''
** '''Options: SWL or URS [different than adults''' where stone location is important''';''' in adults, for lower pole stone >10mm, SWL is not recommended, all other stones <20mm can be treated with URS or SWL]
* '''Total renal stone burden >20mm'''
** '''Options: both PCNL and SWL are acceptable treatment options [different than adults,''' no role for SWL for total renal stone burden >20mm]
*** '''A non-contrast, low-dose CT scan should be obtained prior to PCNL''' '''[similar to adults]'''
*** '''If SWL performed for total stone burden >20mm, placement of a ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube is recommended to prevent postoperative renal obstruction. [different than adults''', no indication for routine stent with SWL]