Editing Penis and Urethra Surgery (section)

===== Direct Visual Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU) =====
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Involves incision through the scar to healthy tissue to allow the scar to expand and the lumen to heal enlarged.''' 

====== Technique ======

*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Usually, a single incision is made at the 12 o’clock position.'''
** '''However, the 12 o'clock position might be questioned based on the location of the urethra within the corpus spongiosum.'''
*** Although the anterior aspect of the corpus spongiosum is thicker, a deep incision in the more distal aspects of the anterior urethra will certainly enter the corpora cavernosa, and these incisions have been associated with the creation of erectile dysfunction.
*Normal saline should be used as the irrigant
*To date, the results of laser urethrotomy are mixed.

====== Adverse events ======
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Recurrence of stricture (most common complication).</span>'''
#* Studies have shown that the failure rate of long-term catheterization after internal urethrotomy is similar to that seen with 3-7 days of catheterization
# <span style="color:#ff0000">'''Bleeding (almost always associated with erections immediately after the procedure)'''</span>
# <span style="color:#ff0000">'''Extravasation of irrigation fluid into the perispongiosal tissues'''</span>
# <span style="color:#ff0000">'''Erectile dysfunction'''</span>
# <span style="color:#ff0000">'''Decreased success rate of reconstruction'''</span>
#* Many studies have shown that the success of reconstruction is diminished by multiple prior urethral dilations and internal urethrotomy