Editing External Genital Anomalies in Boys (section)

=== Embryology ===
* The processus vaginalis forms during the 3rd month of gestation as the peritoneum bulges into the inguinal canal just before the onset of testicular descent.
** '''On completion of testicular descent, the processus vaginalis obliterates and the portion adjacent to the testes becomes the tunica vaginalis'''
** '''Obliteration of the processus vaginalis continues post-natally, and its failure to obliterate accounts for nearly all inguinoscrotal abnormalities seen in infancy and childhood'''
* '''Patent process vaginalis is associated with (4):'''
*# '''Transverse testicular ectopia'''
*# '''Epididymal anomalies'''
*# '''Cryptorchidism'''
*# '''Polyorchidism'''
** '''Risk of spermatic cord torsion is associated with abnormal development of the tunica vaginalis but not patency of the processus vaginalis'''
* '''Incidence of incidental patency observed in older children and adults at autopsy or laparoscopy is ≈20%'''