Editing Management of Localized and Locally Advanced Disease (section)

==== Technique ====
* TA for cystic lesions requires further investigation.
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Biopsy should be performed prior to (preferred) or at the time of ablation</span>''' to provide pathologic diagnosis and guide subsequent surveillance.'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28479239/]'''
* Percutaneous approach is preferred over a surgical approach whenever feasible to minimize morbidity.
** Percutaneous displacement techniques such as the use of fluid (hydro-dissection), carbon dioxide, or spacer balloons frequently enable separation of adjacent structures from the anticipated zone of ablation, rendering many cases suitable for percutaneous TA.
** A laparoscopic approach is seldom needed except for occasional cases in which adhesions prevent displacement of adjacent structures or when the collecting system is at risk for serious injury even with thermo-protective maneuvers such as pyeloperfusion.