Editing Penis and Urethra Surgery (section)

===== Urethral stent =====
* '''Contraindications to the use of the UroLume:'''
** '''Prior substitution urethral reconstruction, particularly where skin has been incorporated into the urethra'''
*** Contact of the stent with the skin is associated with a virulent hypertrophic reaction.
**Poor candidates for the UroLume includes patients with strictures associated with deep spongiofibrosis.
*** Patients who fall into this category have had urethral distraction injuries and straddle injuries associated with deep fibrosis.
* '''Technique'''
**'''Must be placed only in the bulbar urethra'''
*** When placed beyond the area of the scrotal urethra, placement has been associated with pain on sitting and intercourse.
*** Some patients (particularly young patients) complain of perineal pain, often with vigorous activity, even after implantation of the stent in the deep bulbous urethra.
*** Longer bulbous strictures require two stents that are overlapped. These stents can migrate away from each other, leaving a gap between them where recurrence of stricture is inevitable. When this occurs, the stricture recurrence is excised, and a third stent is placed to span the gap.
**UroLume has been taken off the market and is currently not available for implantation.
* Adverse Events
**Permanently implantable stents, such as UroLume are associated with unique complications.
**However, there are still many patients who will present with UroLume stents, and many will need treatment.