Editing Functional: Female SUI (section)

==Pathogenesis ==
* Early theories regarding the cause of SUI were focused on the unequal transmission of pressure to the bladder and urethra, urethral hypermobility, and the abnormal inferior location of the urethra. 
*Later theories '''(integral theory) emphasized the importance of 3 separate components that support the proximal and midurethra:'''
*# '''Pubourethral ligaments'''
*# '''Suburethral vaginal hammock'''
*# '''Pubococcygeus muscle'''
** Injury to any of these components from surgery, parturition, aging, or hormonal deprivation can lead to impaired midurethral function and subsequently SUI
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) is the primary underlying cause of SUI for women, with hypermobility being a secondary finding i.e. all women with SUI have some component of ISD, not all have hypermobility'''
** '''Urethral hypermobility is a symptom of damage to the normal supporting structures of the urethra and not a cause of SUI'''
** '''Maximum urethral closure pressures (MUCPs) < 20 cm H2O or abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) < 60 cm H2O are indicative of ISD'''
*** '''In women who are continent, MUCP occurs at the midurethra'''
*** '''ALPP > 90 cm H2O signifies no or very little ISD'''