Editing Functional: Mesh Complications (section)

== Diagnosis and Evaluation of Mesh Complications ==

* '''History and Physical Exam'''
** Review medical records of mesh procedure
** Neurologic, musculoskeletal, and organ injury range in severity and time of presentation
** Mesh penetration into the urethra or bladder typically manifests with
*** Hematuria
*** Urinary tract infections
*** Pain
**** Retropubic sling arms may damage the ilioinguinal nerve (L1) and the genital branches of the genitofemoral nerve causing sharp localized pain, whereas obturator arms may damage the posterior branches of the femorocutaneous, posterior cutaneous (L2-S3), pudendal, perineal, inferior anal, or obturator nerves (L5-S1)
** '''Symptoms of vaginal mesh exposure include:'''
*** '''Bleeding'''
*** '''Infection'''
*** '''Fistula'''
*** '''Pain'''
*** '''Dyspareunia'''
*** '''Organ perforation'''
*** '''Obstruction'''
*** '''Dysfunction'''
* '''Imaging'''
** '''Options'''
*** '''Voiding cystourethrogram for urinary obstruction'''
*** '''CT scan for abdominal abscess.'''
*** '''MRI for osteitis or osteomyelitis.'''
*** '''Translabial ultrasound for mesh location and size'''