Editing Infections: Antibiotics (section)

==Coverage of Antibiotics for Common Urologic Pathogens==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Antibiotic agent or class'''
|'''Gram-positive pathogens'''
|'''Gram-negative pathogens'''
|-
|'''Penicillins'''
|
|
|-
|'''Broad-spectrum penicillins'''
|
|
|-
|'''    Amoxicillin or ampicillin'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
'''Enterococci'''
|'''''Proteus mirabilis'''''
|-
|'''    Amoxicillin with clavulanate'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
'''Enterococci'''
|'''''Proteus, Klebsiella'''''
|-
|'''    Ampicillin with sublactam'''
|'''''Staphylococcus'' (not MRSA)'''
'''Enterococci'''
|'''''Proteus, Klebsiella'''''
'''''H. influenzae'''''
|-
|'''Anti-staphylococcal penicillins (methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin)'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
'''''Staphylococcus'' (not MRSA)'''

'''Not enterococci'''
|'''None'''
|-
|'''Anti-pseudomonal penicillins (piperacillin, ticaracillin)'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
'''Enterococci'''
|'''Most, including ''Pseudomonas'''''
|-
|'''Cephalosporins'''
|'''Not enterococci'''
|
|-
|'''First-generation cephalosporins (e.g. cefazolin, cephalexin)'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
'''''Staphylococcus'' (not MRSA)'''

'''Enterococci''' (CW12 p442)
|'''''E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella'''''
|-
|'''Second-generation cephalosporins (cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefaclor)'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
'''''Staphylococcus'' (not MRSA)'''
|'''''E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella'''''
'''''H. influenzae'''''
|-
|'''Second-generation cephalosporins (cefoxitin, cefotetan)'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
|'''''E. coli, Proteus''''' (including indole-positive), '''''Klebsiella'''''
'''''H. influenzae'''''
|-
|'''3rd-generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone)'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
'''''Staphylococcus'' (not MRSA)'''
|'''Most, excluding ''P. aeruginosa'''''
|-
|'''3rd-generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime)'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
|'''Most, including ''P. aeruginosa'''''
|-
|Aztreonam
|None
|Most, including ''P. aeruginosa''
|-
|'''Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)'''
|'''''Staphylococcus'' (urine)'''
|'''Most, including ''P. aeruginosa'''''
|-
|'''Fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin)'''
|'''''Streptococcus''''' ''(depending which fluoroquinolone)''
'''Not enterococci'''
|'''Most, including ''P. aeruginosa'''''
|-
|'''Nitrofurantoin'''
|'''''Staphylococcus'' (not MRSA)'''
'''Enterococci'''
|'''Many Enterobacteriaceae (not ''Klebsiella, Proteus)'''''
'''''Does not cover P. aeruginosa, Providencia, Serratia, Acinetobacter'''''
|-
|'''Fosfomycin'''
|'''Enterococci'''
Variable activity against s. saprophyticus
|'''Most Enterobacteriaceae''' (variable activity against Klebsiella and Enterobacter)
'''Does not cover ''P. aeruginosa'')'''
|-
|Pivmecillinam
|None
|Most, excluding ''P. aeruginosa''
|-
|'''Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole'''
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
'''''Staphylococcus'''''

'''Not enterococci'''
|'''Most Enterobacteriaceae'''
'''Does not cover ''P. aeruginosa'''''
|-
|'''Vancomycin''' (can be used in penicillin allergy for gram-positive coverage)
|'''All, including MRSA'''
|'''None'''
|-
|'''Clindamycin''' (can be used in penicillin allergy for gram-positive coverage)
|'''''Streptococcus'''''
'''''Staphylococcus'''''

'''''NOT Enterococci'''''
|'''Anaerobes'''
'''NOT Enterobacteriaceae'''
|-
|'''Macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin)'''
|
|
|-
|'''Carbapenams (ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem)'''
|
|'''Ertapenam has weak pseudomonas coverage compared to meropenam'''
|}