Editing Penile Cancer: Squamous Penile Cancer (section)

== TNM Staging ==

* AJCC 8th edition

=== Primary tumour (T) ===
* '''TX: Primary tumour cannot be assessed'''
* '''T0: No evidence of primary tumour'''
* '''Tis: Carcinoma in situ'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Ta: non-invasive squamous cell carcinoma types</span> including basaloid, warty, verrucous, papillary, and mixed types'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T1: invades subepithelial connective tissue</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T1a: WITHOUT lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and is not high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T1b: WITH lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, or high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)</span>'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T2: invades corpora spongiosum</span>'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T3: invades corpus cavernosum</span>'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T4: invades other adjacent structures</span>'''

=== Lymph nodes (N) ===
* '''Clinical'''
** cNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed
** '''cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes'''
** '''cN1: unilateral, solitary, mobile inguinal lymph node'''
** '''cN2: ≥2 unilateral, mobile inguinal lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''
** '''cN3: fixed nodal mass,''' regardless of the size or unilateral/bilateral involvement
* '''Pathological'''
** pNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed
** pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis
** '''pN1: up to 2 unilateral positive inguinal lymph nodes'''
** '''pN2: ≥3 unilateral lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''
** '''pN3: extra-nodal extension or pelvic lymph node(s)'''
*** A lymph node > 4 cm is often associated with extranodal extension of cancer.

=== Distant metastasis (M) ===
* M0: No distant metastasis (no pathologic M0; use clinical M to complete staging group)
* M1: Distant metastasis: lymph node metastasis outside the true pelvis, or to visceral or bone sites