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==Pre-operative Preparation== *Patient preparation **Encourage pre-operative Kegel exercises, three times a day ** Discuss sperm preservation in young patients who might consider fathering children *'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Pre-operative imaging</span>''' **'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Primary tumor, if MRI available</span>''' ***'''Location of lesions''' ****Proximity to neurovascular bundles ***'''Extraprostatic extension''' ***'''Bladder neck''' **Metastatic staging *Hold/bridge anticoagulation medications prior to surgery **ASA 7 days **Clopidogrel 5 days **Apixaban 2 days *'''Pre-operative testing''' **'''Urinalysis +/- culture''' ** '''CBC''' * '''Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis''' **Compression stockings **Heparin[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6456347/] *'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Antibiotics</span>''' **'''<span style="color:#ff0000">2019 AUA Best Practice Guidelines</span>''' for Open, Laparoscopic or Robotic Surgery involving controlled entry into urinary tract e.g. renal surgery, nephrectomy, partial or otherwise, ureterectomy pyeloplasty, '''<span style="color:#ff0000">radical prostatectomy</span>'''; partial cystectomy, etc[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31441676/] ***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Prophylaxis Indicated: All cases</span>''' ****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Antimicrobial(s) of Choice: Cefazolin or TMP-SMX</span>''' ****Alternative Antimicrobial(s), if required: Ampicillin/Sulbactam or Aminoglycoside and Metronidazole or Aztreonam and Metronidazole or Aminoglycoside and Clindamycin or Aztreonam and Clindamycin ****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Duration of Therapy: Single dose</span>'''
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