Editing Urinary Tract Infections (section)

== Epidemiology ==

* UTIs are considered to be the most common bacterial infection
** '''≈30% of women will have had a symptomatic UTI requiring antimicrobial therapy by age 24'''
** '''≈50% of women will experience a UTI during their lifetime'''
* '''Catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) are the most common nosocomial infection'''
** 80% of nosocomial UTIs are secondary to an indwelling urethral catheter
* '''Once a patient has an infection, they are likely to develop subsequent infections.'''
** '''The probability of recurrent UTIs increases with the number of previous infections and decreases in inverse proportion to the elapsed time between the first and the second infections'''.
** Of these recurrent infections, ≈70% are caused by reinfection with different organisms, rather than recurrence with the same organism.
** Most reinfections occur after 2 weeks and within 5 months
* '''The incidence of UTIs is increased in patients with spinal cord injuries, women with diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and HIV/AIDS'''
** '''An increased incidence of clinical asymptomatic and symptomatic UTIs appears to occur in women with diabetes mellitus, but there is no substantial increase among diabetic men.'''
** '''Although most UTIs in diabetic patients are asymptomatic, diabetes appears to predispose the patient to more severe infections.'''
** UTIs are 5x more prevalent in HIV-positive individuals than in control subjects
** '''Of all patients with bacteriuria, those with spinal cord injury have the most severe UTIs and related morbidity burden'''