Editing Penis and Urethra Surgery (section)

====== Adverse Events ======
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Intraoperative</span>'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Post-operative</span>'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Late post-operative</span>'''
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Sexual dysfunction</span>'''
***# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Permanent ejaculatory dysfunction</span>'''
***#* '''May occur in as high as 20% of men following urethroplasty.'''
***#* Complaints are usually related to pooling of semen within the urethra and/or loss of force with ejaculation. The etiology is poorly defined but is presumed to be due to either tortuosity of the neourethra and/or dysfunction of the bulbocavernosal muscle.
***# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Temporary erectile dysfunction</span>'''
***#* Found in up to 20% of individuals undergoing an anterior urethroplasty.
***#** This incidence is similar between all types of anterior urethroplasties, e.g., excision and primary anastomosis, vascularized or graft urethroplasties.
***#** The erectile dysfunction symptoms classically resolve 6 six months with < 3-4% of patients reporting a permanent alteration in their erectile capabilities.
***#*** Overall, the rate of erectile dysfunction after urethroplasty was ≈equal to the rate after circumcision.
***#** Longer-segment reconstructions were associated with a higher risk of postoperative erectile dysfunction, although the patient’s erectile function improved over time in many cases.
***# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">New onset of penile curvature</span>'''
***#* May occur usually following an overaggressive attempt at excision and primary anastomosis performed in the distal bulbar region.
***# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Loss of libido and anorgasmia</span>'''
***#* Very rare and are predominately due to a psychological component.