Editing Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Evaluation (section)

== Evaluation of Hematuria ==

=== Microscopic hematuria ===

* '''See [[Microscopic Hematuria (2020 AUA Guidelines)|2020 AUA Microscopic Hematuria Guideline Notes]]'''
** '''Based on risk-stratification into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk'''
*** '''History and Physical Exam (all patients)'''
*** '''Laboratory: serum Cr and GFR (all patients)'''
**** '''Urine cytology or other markers are not recommended'''
*** '''Imaging: upper tract imaging (intermediate, high-risk, and if family history of RCC or other genetic renal tumor syndrome)'''
**** '''US for intermediate-risk'''
**** '''CT urography for high-risk'''
*** '''Cystoscopy (intermediate and high-risk)'''

=== Gross hematuria ===
*'''No official guidelines'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Evaluation typically includes:</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">History and Physical Exam</span>'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Laboratory:</span>''' 
*##'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Urine cytology</span>'''
*##'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Serum PSA</span>'''
*##* '''Recommended because 10% of patients with recurrent gross hematuria will have prostate cancer'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Imaging: contrast-enhanced upper tract imaging</span>'''
*#* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">For gross hematuria, contrast-enhanced imaging preferred over US</span>'''