Editing Infertility: Diagnosis and Evaluation (section)

=== Scrotal Ultrasound ===
*'''Used to assess testicular size, varicoceles'''
**Ultrasound definition of varicocele: presence of multiple large veins greater than 3 mm in diameter and reversal of blood flow with the Valsalva maneuver.
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Indications</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33295257/ ★]'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Should not be routinely performed in the initial evaluation of the infertile male.</span>'''
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Routine use of ultrasonography to investigate presumed varicocele is to be discouraged</span>''', as treatment of non-palpable varicoceles is not associated with improved semen parameters and fertility rates as has been shown for treatment of clinical varicoceles.
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">May be used if difficult to examine scrotum (obese patient or when the dartos muscle remains highly contracted during the physical exam)</span>'''