Editing EAU & ASCO: Penile Cancer 2023 (section)

==== Treatment of superficial non-invasive disease (PeIN, Ta) ====

*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Options'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Non-surgical'''
*** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Topical therapies'''
**** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Imiquimod'''
**** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">5-fluorouracil'''
****'''Insufficient responses and recurrences may signify underlying invasive disease, hence, if topical treatment fails, it should not be repeated'''
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Laser ablation'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Surgical'''
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Circumcision''' 
****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Should be the primary surgical option'''
***** Following circumcision, the glans mucosa keratinizes over a period of 3–6 months and any residual PeIN or lichen sclerosus may resolve. Close monitoring before starting additional therapy has been advocated
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Local excision'''
**** Extensive PeIN, residual PeIN in resection margins or recurrent disease after ablative or topical therapy, can be treated by surgical excision
**** Glans resurfacing
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Despite treatment, penile intra-epithelial neoplasia can progress to invasive lesions in 2.6–13% of patients'''