Editing Stones: Evaluation and Medical Management (section)

===Recurrent calcium stones===
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Allopurinol should be offered to patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stones who have hyperuricosuria and normal urinary calcium</span>'''
**'''Hyperuricemia is not a required criterion for allopurinol therapy'''
**'''In addition to medication, patients with hyperuricosuria should be instructed to limit non-dairy animal protein, which also may maximize the efficacy of allopurinol.'''
***Allopurinol’s use in hyperuricosuria associated with dietary purine overindulgence also may be reasonable if patients are unable or unwilling to comply with dietary purine restriction.
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Thiazide diuretics and/or potassium citrate should be offered to patients with recurrent calcium stones in whom other metabolic abnormalities are absent or have been appropriately addressed and stone formation persists</span>'''
**Both thiazides and potassium citrate therapy have been shown to prevent recurrent stones in patients with normal range urinary calcium and citrate, respectively
**'''For patients with no identified risk factors for nephrolithiasis, potassium citrate may be the preferred first-line therapy, given its relatively low side effect profile.'''